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The culture of the Philippines reflects the country's complex history. It is a blend of the Malayo-Polynesian and Hispanic cultures, with influence from Chinese.
The Philippines was first settled by Melanesians; today they preserve a very traditional way of life and culture, although their numbers are few. After them, the Austronesians or more specifically, Malayo-Polynesians, arrived on the islands. Today the Austronesian culture is very evident in the ethnicity, language, food, dance and almost every aspect of the culture. These Austronesians engaged in trading with China, India, Japan, the Ryukyu islands, the Middle East, Borneo, and other places. As a result, those cultures have also left a mark on Filipino culture.
When the Spanish colonized the islands, after more than three centuries of colonization, they had heavily impacted the culture. The Philippines being governed from both Mexicoand Spain, had received a little bit of Hispanic influence. Mexican and Spanish influence can be seen in the dance and religion many other aspects of the culture. After being colonized by Spain, the Philippines became a U.S. territory for about 40 years. Influence from the United States is seen in the wide use of the English language, and the modern pop culture.
Philippine Art
-Throughout the early Spanish era, Philippines art took its inspiration from religion with ornate altarpieces or scenes from the Bible or the lives of the saints. It was only in the 18th century that secular themes began to become popular.
-In 1884, Filipino art broke into the international mainstream when Juan Luna won the gold medal at the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid, Spain. Compatriot FelixResurreccion Hidalgo won the silver medal. In the early 20th century Fernando Amorsolo, Fabian de la Rosa and Jorge Pineda concentrated on romantic landscapes, and in the 1920s Victorio Edades introduced modernism to the Philippines. This has produced a healthy crop of modern artists, from Lee Aguinaldo and Fernando Zobel in the 1960s and 70s to Bernardo Cabrera (BenCab) and Manny Garibay today.
The leading sculptor of the American era was Guillermo Tolentino, whilst Napoleon Abueva brought modernism in the 1950s. Eduardo Castrillo heads modern names with his monumental metal sculptures (including the Heritage of Cebu Monument in Cebu City). Others include Solomon Saprid and Abdulmari Imao who interprets Islamic traditional designs for the modern era.
Phillipine Education
The system of education in the Philippines was patterned both from the educational systems of Spain and the United States. However, after the liberation of the Philippines in 1946, the system have changed radically.
The Department of Education (or DepEd) administers the whole educational system, which also includes the allocation of funds utilized for school services and equipment (such as books, school chairs, etc.), recruitment of teachers for allpublic schools in the Philippines, and the supervision and organization of the school curricula.
The former education system of the Philippines is composed of 6 years ofelementary education starting at the age of 6 or 7, and 4 years of high school education starting at the age of 12 or 13. In this system, education is not compulsory.
However, since June 4, 2012, DepEd started to implement the new K-12 educational system,[3] which includes the new curricula for all schools (see the section). In this system, education is now compulsory.
All public and private schools in the Philippines must start classes from a date mandated by the Department of Education (usually every first Monday of June for public schools only), and must end after each school completes the mandated 200-day school calendar of DepEd (usually around the third week of March to the second week of April).
Philippine Festivals
In Honor of A Patron Saint
· Ati-atihan Festival - Kalibo, Aklan (in honor of Santo Niño)
· Dinagyang Festival - Iloilo City (in honor of Santo Niño)
· Kinabayo festival - Dapitan City (in honor of Saint James the Great)
· Higantes Festival - Angono, Rizal (in honor of Saint Clement)
· Longganisa Festival - Vigan City (in honor of St. Paul)
· Kasadyaan sa Iligan - Iligan City (in honor of Saint Michael the Archangel)
· Mammangui Festival - May 30, Ilagan City
· Moriones Festival - Marinduque
· Pintados-Kasadyaan - Leyte
· Sangyaw - Tacloban City
· Sinulog Festival - Cebu (in honor of Santo Niño)
· Zamboanga Hermosa Festival - Zamboanga City (in honor of Our Lady of the Pillar)
Indigenous Influence/Non-Religious Festival
· Kadayawan Festival - Davao City
· Lanzones Festival - Camiguin
· Pav-vurulun Festival - Tuguegarao City
· Masskara Festival - Bacolod City
· Ibalong Festival - Legazpi City
· Sandugo Festival - Bohol
· Bangus Festival - Dagupan City
· Sinukwan Festival - San Fernando City.
· Frog Festival - San Fernando City.
· Binatbatan Festival of the Arts - Vigan City
· Sampaguita Festival-San Pedro,Laguna
· Halamang Dilaw Singkaban Festival - Marilao, Bulacan
Film Festival
· Cinemalaya
· Metro Manila Film Festival
Flower Festival
· Panagbenga Festival - (Feb 26- Feb 27), Baguio City
Religious Festivals
January
· Feast of the Three Kings - 2, Gasan, Marinduque
· Bailes de Luces - 5, La Castellana, Negros Occidental
· Lingayen Gulf Landing Anniversary - 9, Lingayen, Pangasinan
· Feast of The Black Nazarene - 9, Quiapo, Manila
· Biniray Festival - 9, Romblon
· Hinugyaw Festival (Araw ng Koronadal) - 10, Koronadal City
· Binanog Festival - 10-16, Lambunao, Iloilo
· Sinulog (Kabankalan) Festival - 10-16, Kabankalan City
· Coconut "Coco" Festival - 15 (week long), San Pablo City, Laguna
· Makato Santo Niño Festival - 15, Makato, Aklan
· Pasungay Festival - 15, San Joaquin, Iloilo
· Batingaw Festival - 16, Cabuyao City
· Kahimunan Festival - 16, Butuan City
· Pangisdaan Festival - 16, Navotas City
· Kinaradto Festival - 16, Buenavista, Guimaras
· Batan Ati-Ati Malakara Festival - 16, Batan, Aklan
· Fire Works Display and Contest - 16, Iloilo City
· Caracol Festival - 16, Makati City
· Bansudani Festival (Feast of The Divine Savior) - 17, Bansud, Oriental Mindoro
· Sadsad sa Kalye - 19, Janiuay, Iloilo
· Pandot sa Bacolod - 20, Bacolod City
· Binuligay Festival - 20, Jamindan, Capiz
· Feast of the Santo Niño - 3rd Sunday, Nationwide
· Ati-Atihan Festival - 3-16, Kalibo, Aklan
· Dinagyang Festival - 22-23, Iloilo City
· Longganisa Festival - 22, Vigan City
· Sinulog festival - Cebu City
· Sto Niño de Malolos Festival - 30, Malolos City
· Pintauo Festival - 21, Ibarra, Maasin City
· Altavas Santo Niño Festival - 21-22, Altavas, Aklan
· Feast of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage - 24, La Carlota City
· Ibajay Ati-Ati Municipal and Devotional Fiesta - 24-25, Ibajay, Aklan
· Dinagsa Ati-Atihan Festival - 24-30, Cadiz City
· Sana-aw Festival - 28, Jordan, Guimaras
· Hinirugyaw Festival - 30-February 6, Calinog, Iloilo
· Balot sa Puti Festival - 31, Pateros
· The Boracay International Funboard Cub - 31-February 5, Boracay Island
· Boling-Boling Festival - 28 Catanuan Quezon
February
·
Salakayan Festival -
1-6, Miag-ao,
Iloilo
·
Pabirik Festival - 1-2, Paracale, Camarines Norte
·
Bicol Arts Festival -
1-28, Legazpi
City
·
Festival of Hearts -
1-14, Tanjay
City
·
National Arts Month -
1-28, Nationwide
·
Lavandero Festival -
1-6, Mandaluyong
City
·
Suroy sa Surigao - 1-28, Surigao
City
·
Feast of Our Lady of
Candles - 2, Iloilo
City
·
Pamulinawen - 2-10, Laoag
City
March
· Kaamulan Tribal Festival - 1-6, Malaybalay City
· Rodeo Masbateño - 1-April 2, Masbate City
· Araw ng Island Garden City of Samal - 1-7, Island Garden City of Samal
· Pasig Summer Music Festival - 1-31, Pasig City
· Parade of Festivals - 1, Muntinlupa City
· Payvanuvanuan Festival - 1-31, Mahatao, Batanes
· Zamboanga Peninsula Summer Event - 1-31, Zamboanga City
· Sugbahan - 2-14, Davao City
· Pacto de Sangre de New Washington, Aklan (Blood Compact of New Washington, Aklan) - 3, New Washington, Aklan
· Puerto Princesa Foundation Day - 4, Puerto Princesa City
· Bangkero Festival - 6-10, Pagsanjan, Laguna
· Arya! Abra Festival - 7-11, Bangued, Abra
· Tinguan Festival - 7-11, Bangued, Abra
· Panagtagbo Festival - 7, Tagum City
· Vis-Min Travel and Lifestyle Show - 7-9, SM City Cebu Trade Hall
· National Women's Month Celebration Exhibit - 8-12, Manila
· Birth Anniversary of The Late President Jose P. Laurel - 9, Tanauan City
· Tinagba Festival - 11, Iriga City
· Tiburin Horse Race - 12, Pasay City
· Pamaypay ng Caloocan Festival - 12, Caloocan City
· Sambalilo Hat Festival - 13, Parañaque City
· Feast Day of Santa Clara - 13, Pasay City
· Local Media Familiarization Festival - 13-19, Cagayan de Oro City
· Serenata - 14, Pasay City
· Harana: Karantahan nin Pagranga (Music Festival) - 14, San Jose, Camarines Sur
· Suman Festival (Aurora Day) - 14-19, Baler, Aurora
· Apayao Province Foundation - 14, Apayao
· Kalinga Province Foundation - 14, Kalinga
· Philippine Military Academy Alumni Homecoming - 18-19, Baguio City
· Kapayapaan Festival - 18-20, Jose Abad Santos, Davao del Sur
· Bicol Regional Tourism Councils Assembly - 18-19, Naga City
· Pasayaw Festival - 19, Canlaon City
· Babaylan Festival - 19, Bago City
Administrative divisions
-The Philippines is divided into three island groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. As of March 2010, these were divided into 17 regions, 80 provinces, 138 cities, 1,496 municipalities, and 42,025barangays.[79] In addition, Section 2 of Republic Act No. 5446 asserts that the definition of the territorial sea around the Philippine archipelago does not affect the claim over Sabah
Geography
The Philippines is an archipelago comprising 7,107 islands with a total land area of 300,000 km2. The 11 largest islands contain 94% of the total land area. The largest of these islands is Luzon at about 105,000 km2. The next largest island isMindanao at about 95,000 km2. The archipelago is around 800 km from the Asianmainland and is located between Taiwan and Borneo.
The islands are divided into three groups: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The Luzon islands include Luzon Island itself, Palawan, Mindoro, Marinduque, Masbateand Batanes Islands. The Visayas is the group of islands in the central Philippines, the largest of which are: Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte and Samar. The Mindanao islands include Mindanao itself, plus the Sulu Archipelago, composed primarily of Basilan, Sulu Island, and Tawi-Tawi.
The Philippine archipelago lies in Southeast Asia in a position that has led to its becoming a cultural crossroads - a place where Malays, Hindus, Arabs, Chinese, Spaniards, Americans, and others had interacted to forge a unique cultural and racial blend. The archipelago numbers some 7,107 islands; and the nation claims an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its shores. The Philippines occupies an area that stretches for 1,850 kilometers from about the fifth to the twentieth parallels north latitude. The total land area is slightly more than 300,000 square kilometers. Only approximately 1,000 of its islands are populated, and fewer than one-half of these are larger than 2.5 square kilometers. Eleven islands make up 95 percent of the Philippine landmass, and two of these — Luzon and Mindanao — measure 105,000 and 95,000 square kilometers, respectively. They, together with the cluster of islands in Visayas in between them, represent the three principal regions of the archipelago that are identified by the three stars on the Philippine flag. Topographically, the Philippines is broken up by the sea, which gives it one of the longest coastlines of any nation in the world.
Off the coast of eastern Mindanao is the Philippine Trench, which descends to a depth of 10,430 meters. The Philippines is part of a western Pacific arc system characterized by active volcanoes. Among the most notable peaks are Mount Mayon near Legazpi City, Taal Volcano south of Manila, and Mount Apo in Mindanao. All of the Philippine islands are prone to earthquakes. The northern Luzon highlands, or Cordillera Central, rise to between 2,500 and 2,750 meters, and, together with the Sierra Madre in the northeastern portion of Luzon and the mountains of Mindanao, boast rain forests that provide refuge for numerous upland tribal groups. The rain forests also offer prime habitat for more than 500 species of birds, including the Philippine eagle (or monkey-eating eagle), some 800 species of orchids, and some 8,500 species of flowering plants.
The country's most extensive river systems are the Pulangi River, which flows into the Mindanao River (Rio Grande de Mindanao); the Agusan, in Mindanao which flows north into the Mindanao Sea; the Cagayan in northern Luzon; and the Pampanga, which flows south from east Central Luzon into Manila Bay. Laguna de Bay, east of Manila Bay, is the largest freshwater lake in the Philippines. Several rivers have been harnessed for hydroelectric power.
To protect the country's biological resources, the government has taken a first step of preparing a Biodiversity Action Plan to address conservation of threatened species.
National Anthem of The Philippines
Tagalog Lyrics
Lupang Hinirang
Bayang magiliw,
Perlas ng Silanganan
Alab ng puso
Sa dibdib mo'y buhay.
Lupang hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig
Di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok
Sa simoy, at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula,
At awit sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng wata wat mo'y
Tagumpay na nagniningning,
Ang bituin at araw niya
Kailan pa ma'y di magdidilim.
Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhatit pagsinta,
Buhay at langit sa piling mo.
Aming li gaya na pag may mangaapi
Ang mamatay nang da hil sa iyo.
Korea
The current political separation of North and South Korea has resulted in divergence in modern Korean cultures; nevertheless, the traditional culture of Korea is historically shared by both states.
Korean Art
There is a unique set of handicrafts produced in Korea. Most of the handicrafts are created for a particular everyday use, often giving priority to the practical use rather than aesthetics. Traditionally, metal, wood, fabric, lacquerware, and earthenware were the main materials used, but later glass, leather or paper have sporadically been used.
Ancient handicrafts, such as red and black pottery, share similarities with pottery of Chinese cultures along the Yellow River. The relics found of the Bronze Age, however, are distinctive and more elaborate.
Many sophisticated and elaborate handicrafts have been excavated, including gilt crowns, patterned pottery, pots or ornaments. During the Goryeo period the use of bronze was advanced. Brass, that is copper with one third zinc, has been a particularly popular material. The dynasty, however, is renowned for its use of celadon ware.
During the Joseon period, popular handicrafts were made of porcelain and decorated with blue painting. Woodcraft was also advanced during that period. This led to more sophisticated pieces of furniture, including wardrobes, chests, tables or drawers.
The earliest paintings found on the Korean peninsula are petroglyphs of prehistoric times. With the arrival of Buddhism from India via China, different techniques were introduced. These techniques quickly established themselves as the mainstream techniques, but indigenous techniques still survived.
There is a tendency towards naturalism with subjects such as realistic landscapes, flowers and birds being particularly popular. Ink is the most common material used, and it is painted on mulberry paper or silk.
In the 18th century indigenous techniques were advanced, particularly in calligraphy and seal engraving.
Arts are both influenced by tradition and realism. For example, Han’s near-photographic "Break Time at the Ironworks" shows muscular men dripping with sweat and drinking water from tin cups at a sweltering foundry. Jeong Son’s "Peak Chonnyo of Mount Kumgang" is a classical Korean landscape of towering cliffs shrouded by mists.
The use of earthenware on the Korean peninsula goes back to the Neolithic. The history of Korean Ceramics is long and includes both Korean pottery a later development after the traditional use of coils and hammered clay to create early votive and sculptural artifacts. During the Three Kingdoms period, pottery was advanced in Silla. The pottery was fired using a deoxidizing flame, which caused the distinctive blue grey celadon color. The surface was embossed with various geometrical patterns.
In the Goryeo period jade green celadon ware became more popular. In the 12th century sophisticated methods of inlaying were invented, allowing more elaborate decorations in different colours. In Arts of Korea, Evelyn McCune states, "During the twelfth century, the production of ceramic ware reached its highest refinement. Several new varieties appeared simultaneously in the quarter of a century, one of which, the inlaid ware must be considered a Korean invention."[7] Neither the Chinese nor the Japanese had produced inlaid celadon, which was unique to Goryeo wares. William Bowyer Honey of the Victoria and Albert Museum of England, who after World War II wrote, "The best Corean (Korean) wares were not only original, they are the most gracious and unaffected pottery ever made. They have every virtue that pottery can have. This Corean pottery, in fact, reached heights hardly attained even by the Chinese."
White porcelain became popular in the 15th century. It soon overtook celadon ware. White porcelain was commonly painted or decorated with copper.
During the Imjin wars in the 16th century, Korean potters were brought back to Japan where they heavily influenced Japanese ceramics. Many Japanese pottery families today can trace their art and ancestry to these Korean potters whom the Japanese captured by the thousands during its repeated conquests of the Korean peninsula.
In the late Joseon period (late 17th century) blue-and-white porcelain became popular. Designs were painted in cobalt blue on white porcelain.
Korean Music
Korean music history is divided into three Terran periods: ancient, medieval, and modern. The first period, or the ancient one, dates from the ancient tribal states to the foundation of Goryeo dynasty. The distinguishing characteristics of this period can be found in the development of akkamu (music, songs, and dance) comprising the kamu (singing and dancing) or angmu (music and dance) performed in the worship rites of heaven and Earth of the ancient society, the introduction of some instruments from Central Asia during the Three Kingdoms period (57 B.C.-668 AD), and the development of hyangakki (indigenous instruments) in each of the Three Kingdoms. Thus, in southern Manchuria, music and dance developed in worship rites and rituals such as the Yonggo of the Buyeo state, the Dongmaeng of the Goguryeo state, and the Much'on of the Ye tribal state, while in the Samhan, the Kip'ungje provides an example of song and dance in connection with an agricultural ritual. Thus, the religious song and dance tradition of the ancient society of southern Manchuria and Korean peninsula became the root of the indigenous music, hyangak of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla during Three Kingdoms period. The concept of akkamu is also discussed in the music section in the Korean Samguk Sagi. With the rise of royal authority, the advent of Three Kingdoms brought about the creation of royal music institutions to support the cultural life of the royal and aristocratic families, and of palace musicians and dancers specializing in the songs, dances, and instrumental music supported by those institutions. Another historical development and outcome of these trends in the ancient period was the introduction of the music of the Three Kingdoms to the Japanese court of the music of Baekje (Kudaragaku in Japanese), of Goguryeo (Komagaku), and of Silla (Shiragigaku).
Buddhist and shamanistic dancing, and shamanistic drum music are extant, as well as a melodic dance music called sinawi.
Traditional Korean music can be divided into at least four types: courtly, aristocratic, scholarly, and religious.
Korean Folk music
Korean folk music is varied and complex, but all forms maintain a set of rhythms (called 장단; Jangdan) and a loosely defined set of melodic modes.
Because the folk songs of various areas are categorized under Dongbu folk songs, their vocal styles and modes are limited. Therefore, currently scholars are attempting to categorize the Dongbu folk songs further based on different musical features. These songs are mostly simple and bright. Namdo folk songs are those of Jeolla Province and a part of Chungcheong Province. While the folk songs of other regions are mostly musically simple, the folk songs of the Namdo region, where the famous musical genres pansori and sanjo were created, are rich and dramatic. Some Namdo folk songs are used in pansori or developed by professional singers and are included as part of their repertories. Jeju folk songs are sung on the Jeju Island. They are more abundant in number than any other regional folk songs, and approximately 1600 songs are transmitted today. Jeju folk songs are characterized by their simple and unique melodic lines and rich texts.
Pansori:(판소리) is a long vocal and percussive music played by one singer and one drummer. In this traditional art form, sometimes rather misleadingly called 'Korean Opera', a narrator may play the parts of all the characters in a story, accompanied by a drummer. The lyrics tell one of five different stories, but is individualized by each performer, often with updated jokes and audience participation. One of the most famous pansori singers is Park Dongjin (hangul: 박동진).
The National Theatre of Korea provides monthly opportunities to experience traditional Korean narrative songs or pansori.
Where: National Theatre of Korea, Seoul City Hall, South Korea
[edit]Pungmul
Pungmul:(풍물) is a Korean folk music tradition that is a form of percussion music that includes drumming, dancing, and singing. Most performances are outside, with dozens of players, all in constant motion. Samul Nori, originally the name of a group founded in 1978, has become popular as a genre, even overseas. It is based on Pungmul musical rhythmic patterns and uses the same instruments, but is faster and usually played while sitting down.
Sanjo:(산조) is played without a pause in faster tempos. It is entirely instrumental music, and includes changes in rhythmic and melodic modes during an individual work. The tempos increases in each movement. The general style of the sanjo is marked by slides in slow movements and rhythmic complexity in faster movements. Instruments include the changgo drum set against a melodic instrument, such as the gayageum or ajaeng. Famous practitioners such as Kim Chukp'a, Yi Saenggang and Hwang Byungki.
Chŏngak:(정악) means literally "right (or correct) music", and its tradition includes both instrumental and vocal music, which were cultivated mainly by the upper-class literati of the Joseon society. The Yongsan hoesang is the main repertoire of instrumental chongak tradition and the most representative chamber ensemble of Korea. The title is derived from a Korean Buddhist chang with the short text 'Yongsan hoesang pulbosal,' which literally means "Buddha and Bodhisattvas meet at the Spirit Vulture Peak." The Korean Buddhist music with the texts notated in the fifteenth-century manuscript Taeak Hubo was a vocal work accompanied by an orchestra.
Nongak:(농악), means "farmers' music" and represents an important musical genre which has been developed mainly by peasants in the agricultural society of Korea. The farmers' music is performed typically in an open area of the village. The organization of nongak varies according to locality and performing groups, and today there are a great number of regional styles.
Shinawi:(시나위), means in broadest sense, the shamanistic music of Korea which is performed during a Korean shaman's ritual dance performance to console and to entertain deities. In this sense of word, the term is almost identical with another term, shinbanggok (lit. 'spirit chamber music'), which indicated general shamanistic music performed at a folk religious ceremony known as kut.
Salpuri:(살풀이) is a dance for soul cleansing and literally means : "to wash away bad ghosts". Salpuri’s modern movements represent the shown human hopes and aspirations.
Korean Education
Education in South Korea is viewed as being crucial for success and competition is consequently very heated and fierce.A centralized administration oversees the process for the education of children from kindergarten to the third and final year of high school. Mathematics, science, Korean, English, and social studies are generally considered to be the most important subjects.[4] Normally physical education is not considered important as it is not regarded to be education and therefore many schools lack high-quality gymnasiums and varsity athletics. South Korea was the first country in the world to provide high-speed internet access to every primary, junior, and high school
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (often abbreviated into "the Ministry of Education") is responsible for South Korean education. The former body, the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development, was named by the former Minister of Education, who enhanced its function in 2001 because the administration of Kim Dae-jung considered education and human resources development as a matter of the highest priority. As a result of the reform, it began to cover the whole field of human resource development and the minister of education was appointed to the Vice Prime Minister.[citation needed] In 2008, the name was changed into the present one after the Lee Myeong Bak administration annexed the former Ministry of Science and Technology to the Education ministry. Like other ministers, the Minister of Education, Science and Technology is appointed by the president. They are mainly chosen from candidates who have an academic background and often resign in a fairly short term (around one year)
Korean Celebrations
South Korea is divided into 8 provinces (do), 1 special autonomous province (teukbyeol jachido), 6 metropolitan cities (gwangyeoksi), and 1 special city (teukbyeolsi). These are further subdivided into a variety of smaller entities, including cities (si), counties (gun), districts (gu), towns (eup), townships (myeon), neighborhoods (dong) and villages (ri), as explained below.
Note on translation: although the terms "Special City", "Metropolitan City", "Province", and "City" are commonly used on English-language government websites, the other translations — "county", "town", "district", etc. — are not official translations, and are only intended to serve as useful illustrations of each entity's meaning.
Korean Geography
South Korea is located in North Asia, on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula jutting out from the far east of the Asian land mass. The only country with a land border to South Korea is North Korea, lying to the north with 238 kilometres (148 mi) of border running along the DMZ. South Korea is mostly surrounded by water and has 2,413 kilometres (1,499 mi) of coast line along three seas. To the west is the Yellow Sea, to the south is the East China Sea, and to the east is Ulleung-do and Liancourt Rocks in the Sea of Japan Geographically, South Korea's land mass is approximately 100,032 square kilometres (38,623 sq mi).[1] 290 square kilometres (110 sq mi) of South Korea are occupied by water. The approximate coordinates are 37° North, 127° 30 East.
The Korean Peninsula extends southward from the northeast part of the Asian continental landmass. The Japanese islands of Honshū and Kyūshū are located some 200 kilometers to the southeast across the Korea Strait; the Shandong Peninsula of China lies 190 kilometers to the west. The west coast of the peninsula is bordered by the Korea Bay to the north and the Yellow Sea and Korea Strait to the south; the east coast is bordered by the East Sea. The 8,640-kilometer coastline is highly indented. Some 3,579 islands lie adjacent to the peninsula. Most of them are found along the south and west coasts.
The line between the two Korean states was the thirty-eighth parallel of latitude. After the Korean War, the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) formed the boundary between the two. The DMZ is a heavily guarded, 4,000-meter-wide strip of land that runs along the Demarcation line established by the Korean Armistice Agreement, from the east to the west coasts for a distance of 241 kilometers (238 kilometers of that line form the land boundary with North Korea).
The total land area of the peninsula, including the islands, is 223,170 square kilometers. Some 44.6 percent (98,477 square kilometers) of this total, excluding the area within the DMZ, constitutes the territory of the Republic of Korea. The combined territories of North Korea and South Korea are about the same size as the state of Minnesota. South Korea alone is about the size of Portugal or Hungary.
The largest island, Jeju-do, lies off the southwest corner of the peninsula and has a land area of 1,825 square kilometers. Other important islands include Ulleung and Dok-do in the East Sea and Ganghwa Island at the mouth of the Han River. Although the eastern coastline of South Korea is generally unindented, the southern and western coasts are jagged and irregular. The difference is caused by the fact that the eastern coast is gradually rising, while the southern and western coasts are subsiding.
National Anthems Lyrics
South Korea National Anthem
South Korea
Aegug-ga
(Patriotic Hymn)
Latin Transliteration
Tonghai Moolkwa Paiktusani
Marugo Taltorok
Hananimi Pohohasa Uri nara Mansei
CHORUS
Moogungwha Sanchulri Hwaryu Kangsan
Taehan Saram Taehan euro Kiri Pochun Hasae
Namsan Uye Chusonamu
Chulkapeul Turultut
Paramisul Pulbyunhamum Uri kisang Ilsae
CHORUS
English:
Tong Hai Sea and Pakdoo Mountain, so long as they endure,
May God bless Korea our land for endless ages to come!
CHORUS
North to south bedecked with flowers, land of beauty rare,
May God keep our country united and preserve our land.
Eternally Naamsaan's pine trees stand like an armour sure,
Through whatever tempest or danger, as our symbol of strength.
국립 애국가 가사
한국 국가를 부를
대한민국
Aegug-GA
(애국 찬송가)
라틴어 음역
Tonghai Moolkwa Paiktusani
Marugo Taltorok
Hananimi Pohohasa 우리당 Naarah Mansei
합창
Moogungwha Sanchulri Hwaryu Kangsan
Taehan Saram Taehan 유로 카레 페이스트 Pochun Hasae
남산 Uye Chusonamu
Chulkapeul Turultut
Paramisul Pulbyunhamum 우리당 kisang Ilsae
합창
영어 :
오랫동안 사람들이 감당할로 통 하이 바다와 산 Pakdoo,
한국은 하나님 앞으로 무한한 세에 대한 우리 땅을 축복 하리라!
합창
남북은 희귀 한 아름다움의 꽃, 땅 bedecked
하나님은 우리의 국가를 유지하고 우리 땅 미국을 보존 할 수 있습니다.
갑옷 있는지와 같은 영원한 Naamsaan의 소나무 나무, 서
어떤 폭풍우 또는 위험, 강도 우리의 상징으로 통해.
Created and Submitted by:
Chester Leandro Docog
Mikko Herrera
Jhanara Lagadia
Christine Joy Aguilar
Andrea Ladot
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